this post was submitted on 23 Nov 2023
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In case you didn't know what a stroke looks like:
Face: asymmetrical, have them smile
Arms: one weaker than the other
Speech: slurred or unable to speak
Time: time is brain, the longer you wait, the more permanent the damage.
This gave me a stroke
It's actually a quite common saying; because the most important factor is minimizing time to treatment. Every second a part of the brain dies. After a few minutes there will be significant permanent brain loss. (according to some sources on average around 2 Million brain cells per minute)
Thats also why STEMO exist. They're special ambulances with a CT and teleradiologocal appliances (meaning the supporting radiologist is not necessarily onboard but joins remote) and medication and specialized stroke-medics. Because a regular ambulance will cost the patient too much time - and to much (living) brain matter
Have them smile is very key for the face one. Faces aren't perfectly symmetric. People often use the phrase facial droop which is a somewhat misleading phrase. Older individuals with looser skin and wrinkles there may be a "droop" but not otherwise. It's really the lack of activation of the lower facial muscles on one side that helps you tell. Facial muscles help move the side of your mouth both up and down, and they both get weak in a stroke affecting the face. So unless someone has a lot of loose skin it'll probably just look kind of flat. So again, have them smile, the inability to elevate the corner of the mouth or decreased ability to do so is key.
There's also a lot of misleading graphics out there with upper facial weakness too, like inability to close the eye. That can happen with certain strokes, but it's much more common for only the lower face muscles to be weak, with the eye and forehead muscles being fine.
Here's a good example of what it'll usually look like irl:
This is someone trying to smile, the side affected by the stroke would be the person's right side (left side of the picture), not the side that's "drooping" that's actually the normal side.
I had a pharmacist that also include BE as well. Balance problems and Eye changes.