this post was submitted on 07 Jun 2024
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I never got why they didn't just introduce tuples in maths
They did, linear algebra and vector calculus are a thing, but complex numbers have certain properties that you don’t get with vectors and that are quite useful and worth studying.
One definition of the complex numbers is the set of tuples (x, y) in R^(2) with the operations of addition: (a,b) + (c,d) = (a+c, b+d) and multiplication: (a,b) * (c,d) = (ac - bd, ad + bc). Then defining i := (0,1) and identifying (x, 0) with the real number x, we can write (a,b) = a + bi.
Ok, that's actually quite interesting
Yup, you'll notice the only thing distinguishing C from R^(2) is that multiplication. That one definition has extremely broad implications.
For fun, another definition is in terms of 2x2 matrices with real entries. The identity matrix
is identified with the real number 1, and the matrix
is identified with i. Given this setup, the normal definitions of matrix addition and multiplication define the complex numbers.
For various math reasons you only get consistent systems with 2^n dimensions, so after complex you get quaternions with 4, then the next one that works is 8, then 16, etc. They become less useful because you lose various useful features, like you lose commutabiliy with quaternions (eg ab != ba), and every time you double you lose more things.