To do this, first you need to have Firefox Nightly or Beta installed on your phone, then go to addons.mozilla.org and search in the search bar for User-Agent Switcher and install it by pressing the "Add to Firefox" button and now you should have User-Agent Switcher installed.
Now, you must press the 3 dots on the Firefox toolbar and go to Add-ons and open User-Agent Switcher.
Once there, choose Firefox 117 (or whatever version is available at the time you read this) and it doesn't matter if it's Windows or Linux, but to keep things simple choose Windows / Firefox 117.
Now, go to addons.mozilla.org again and again press the 3 dots and activate the option that says "Desktop site" and that's it, now you should be able to install any addon you want by going to the addon you want and pressing the "Add to Firefox" button, then you will get a pop-up asking if you want to add the addon and simply press yes.
I hope this guide is useful to someone! I recently came across this by chance and really found absolutely no information regarding this, so I posted it here.
It should be noted that not all extensions work as expected, some don't even open, but most of them work.
Interesting, I just read that they're opening beta testing of the ability to add all add-ons to Firefox Android again. I wonder if that's why this works, the support is already built into the beta/nightly versions of the app and changing your user agent just bypasses whatever checks they have to ensure you're enrolled in the beta test.
Maybe that's why you can't find any information about this and why it only works in the recent developer versions of the app.
I think the same, If it were not for the changes that Mozilla has been doing recently to bring more extensions to mobile devices, User-Agent Switcher could not be installed at all.