Could it be a Secure Boot issue? From what I can tell, this is roughly a late Windows 8.1 era machine, and I think Microsoft already required OEMs to have Secure Boot around this time; I have a 6th gen Intel laptop (don't know about 5th gen, which I think this laptop has) with TPM 1.2. Lots of laptops are big jerks about this, and sometimes you have to disable it at least until you allow non-Microsoft Keys.
Also, can you change the title of your post? I feel like it doesn't convey what you're actually asking and sort of scares people away from wanting to respond to you. Maybe something more like "Tablet Boots to Black Screen After Attempted Debian Install?"