Linux

I can't provide specific advice for tailscale, but I can share my notes for my own use case, which is for PCs that are safely behind the home firewall. You'd want to adjust your ssh/smb settings accordingly. You shouldn't need any rules for ProtonVPN, as you're likely just trying to block incoming connections, not outbound.

It's my understanding that Fedora opens ports 1025-65535/tcp and 1025-65535/udp by default.

To lock down to sane defaults (--permanent saves the settings directly, avoiding the need to run firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent separately):

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=1025-65535/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=1025-65535/udp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27031/udp  # steam remote play
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27036/udp  # steam remote play
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27036/tcp  # steam remote play
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27037/tcp  # steam remote play

Ensure that ssh and samba-client are listed as allowed services too (sudo firewall-cmd --list-all).

• Firewalld must be reloaded before rule changes will take effect: firewall-cmd --reload
• Changes will reset upon reboot unless made persistent by using --permanent or by committing all changes with --runtime-to-permanent

Common commands:

sudo systemctl enable --now firewalld   # enable and start firewalld service
sudo systemctl disable firewalld
sudo systemctl stop firewalld

sudo firewall-cmd --state               # show running state of firewalld
sudo firewall-cmd --get-active-zones    # list active zones
sudo firewall-cmd --get-zones           # list all zones
sudo firewall-cmd --get-default-zone    # list default zone
sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports          # list allowed ports in current zone
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all            # list all settings
sudo firewall-cmd --reload              # reload firewall rules to activate any rule modifications

Add/remove ports, services, IPs:

sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=port-number/port-type      # allow incoming port  (tcp,udp,sctp,dccp)
sudo firewall-cmd --remove-port=port-number/port-type   # block incoming port
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=<service-name>          # allow incoming service (see /etc/services)
sudo firewall-cmd --remove-service=<service-name>       # block incoming service (see /etc/services)
sudo firewall-cmd --add-source=192.168.1.100 (or 192.168.1.0/24)    # whitelist incoming IP or IP range
sudo firewall-cmd --remove-source=192.168.1.100 (or 192.168.1.0/24) # remove whitelisted IP or IP range

Block an IP or IP range (rich rules):

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family='ipv4' source address='192.168.1.100' reject"
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family='ipv4' source address='192.168.1.0/24' reject"

Whitelist IP for specific port (rich rule):

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.100" port protocol="tcp" port="3306" accept'

Removing a Rich Rule

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.100" port protocol="tcp" port="3306" accept'

Regardless of the zone your use, you can always add/remove services or ports. You can bind the interface like localhost, lan, wire guard etc. to the zone you want.

why do you want to learn a gui for firewalld?

almost all the support and documentation is gonna be using the cli command firewall-cmd.