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This is a fairly common setup and it's not too complex - learning more about Proxmox and TrueNAS/ZFS individually will probably be easiest.
Usually:
Proxmox on bare metal
TrueNAS Core/Scale in a VM
Pass the HBA PCI card through to TrueNAS and set up your ZFS pool there
If you run your app stack through Docker, set up a minimal Debian/Alpine host VM (you can technically use Docker under an LXC but experienced people keep saying it causes problems eventually and I'll take their word for it)
If you run your app stack through LXCs, just set them up through Proxmox normally
Set up an NFS share through TrueNAS, and connect your app stack to that NFS share
(Optional): Just run your ZFS pool on Proxmox itself and skip TrueNAS
So theoretically if someone has alrady set up their NAS (custom Debian with ZFS root instead of TrueNAS, but shouldn't matter), it sounds like it should be relatively straightforward to migrate all of that into a Proxmox VM, by installing Proxmox "under it", right? Only thing I'd need right now is some SSD for Proxmox itself.
Proxmox would be the host on bare metal, with your current install as a VM under that. I'm not sure how to migrate an existing real install into a VM so it might require backing up configs and reinstalling.
You shouldn't need any extra hardware in theory, as Proxmox will let you split up the space on a drive to give to guest VMs.
(I'm probably misunderstanding what you're trying to do?)
I just thought that if all storage can easily be "passed through" to a VM then it should in theory be very simple to boot the existing installation in a VM directly.
Regarding the extra storage: sharing disk space between proxmox and my current installation would imply that I have to pass-through "half of a drive" which I don't think works like that. Also, I'm using ZFS for my OS disk and I don't feel comformtable trying to figure out if I can easily resize those partitions without breaking anything ;-)
That should work, but I don't have experience with it. In that case yeah you'd need another separate drive to store Proxmox on.