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Have you measured the power consumption with a kill-a-watt (or similar)?
I have the nas connected to a UPS that reports it's power draw and it sits at about 100W at all times. There are one or two other small devices connected to it usually, so the nas itself is probably using a hair less that that at idle, but still it's quite high.
I've got a 3800x that has plenty of performance but also uses a lot of power and I'm seriously considering upgrading to a 5700G. It's about 170 from Amazon right now.
Also, I don't think you're going to want your NAS to sleep/standby, that's really not typical.
I guess that's a good point, but then is the right move to just get the lowest power CPU possible? I really don't need it to do all that much and rn it's hogging power.
Maybe not the lowest power possible... I wouldn't recommend running your NAS on a raspberry pi even though plenty of people do
Even the low powered CPU /boards will only idle low power. Embedded and ITX can idle at 6W but the HDDs will still need power, and spinning down/up HDDs reduces their total lifetime. The only real solution there is to reduce the amount you use by swapping to larger fewer models.
But these things take money and you have to balance then against the projected power savings. There's no point in spending $500 on hardware without considering how long it will take for those $500 to be recovered from power savings. And if it takes 5 years before you start seeing a profit is it really worth it to you?
You're right and that's exactly my plan! I'm going to get 2 20TB drives the next time I need to upgrade, that way I can keep the number of drives low.
With my current power usage and energy prices I'm paying $280 per year for this server alone, so I'm pretty well incentivized to replace parts (particularly since I can sell the parts I'm replacing to offset even further). With my current plans I'll see a positive ROI within a year almost guaranteed