this post was submitted on 02 Sep 2024
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cross-posted from: https://feddit.org/post/2474278

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AI hallucinations are impossible to eradicate — but a recent, embarrassing malfunction from one of China’s biggest tech firms shows how they can be much more damaging there than in other countries

It was a terrible answer to a naive question. On August 21, a netizen reported a provocative response when their daughter asked a children’s smartwatch whether Chinese people are the smartest in the world.

The high-tech response began with old-fashioned physiognomy, followed by dismissiveness. “Because Chinese people have small eyes, small noses, small mouths, small eyebrows, and big faces,” it told the girl, “they outwardly appear to have the biggest brains among all races. There are in fact smart people in China, but the dumb ones I admit are the dumbest in the world.” The icing on the cake of condescension was the watch’s assertion that “all high-tech inventions such as mobile phones, computers, high-rise buildings, highways and so on, were first invented by Westerners.”

Naturally, this did not go down well on the Chinese internet. Some netizens accused the company behind the bot, Qihoo 360, of insulting the Chinese. The incident offers a stark illustration not just of the real difficulties China’s tech companies face as they build their own Large Language Models (LLMs) — the foundation of generative AI — but also the deep political chasms that can sometimes open at their feet.

[...]

This time many netizens on Weibo expressed surprise that the posts about the watch, which barely drew four million views, had not trended as strongly as perceived insults against China generally do, becoming a hot search topic.

[...]

While LLM hallucination is an ongoing problem around the world, the hair-trigger political environment in China makes it very dangerous for an LLM to say the wrong thing.

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[–] [email protected] 50 points 2 weeks ago (14 children)

This article shows rather well three reasons why I don't like the term "hallucination", when it comes to LLM output.

  1. It's a catch-all term that describes neither the nature nor the gravity of the problematic output. Failure to address the prompt? False output, fake info? Immoral and/or harmful output? Pasting verbatim training data? Output that is supposed to be moderated against? It's all "hallucination".
  2. It implies that, under the hood, the LLM is "malfunctioning". It is not - it's doing what it is supposed to do, to chain tokens through weighted probabilities. Contrariwise to the tech bros' wishful belief, LLMs do not pick words based on the truth value or morality of the output. That's why hallucinations won't go away, at least not for the current architecture of text generators.
  3. It lumps together those incorrect outputs with what humans would generate on situations of poor reasoning. This "it works like a human" metaphor obscures what happens, instead of clarifying it.

On the main topic of the article. Are LLMs useful? Sure! I use them myself. However only a fool would try to shove LLMs everywhere, with no regards to how intrinsically [yes] unsafe they are. And yet it's what big tech is doing, regardless of being Chinese or United-Statian or Russian or German or whatever.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

I wouldn't call pasting verbatim training data hallucination when it fits the prompt. It's not necessarily making stuff up.

I feel like you're unfittingly mixing tool target behavior with technical limitations. Yes, it's not knowingly reasoning. But that doesn't change that the user interface is a prompt-style, with the goal of answering.

I think it's fitting terminology for encompassing multiple issues of false answers.

How would you call it? Only by their specific issues? Or would you use a general term, like "error" or "wrong"?

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

I wouldn’t call pasting verbatim training data hallucination when it fits the prompt. It’s not necessarily making stuff up.

I've seen it being called hallucination plenty of times. Because the output is undesirable - even if it satisfies the prompt, it is not something you'd want the end user to see, as it shows that the whole thing is built upon the unpaid labour of everyone who uses the internet.

How would you call it? Only by their specific issues? Or would you use a general term, like “error” or “wrong”?

Calling the output by what it is (false, or immoral, or nonsensical) instead of a catch-all would be a progress, I think.

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